pen 1
pen的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [pen]
KK音标发音： [pɛn]
pen的词性：
n.（名词）
1. An instrument for writing or drawing with ink or similar fluid, especially:
笔：一种用墨水或类似液体进行书写或绘画的工具，尤其是：
2. A ballpoint pen.
圆珠笔
3. A fountain pen.
自来水笔
4. A pen point.
笔尖
5. A penholder and its pen point.
笔杆及笔尖
6. A quill.
鹅毛笔
7. An instrument for writing regarded as a means of expression:
笔杆子：用作表达方式的写作工具：
“Tyranny has no enemy so formidable as the pen”(William Cobbett)
“文字和思想是暴政最强劲的敌人”(威廉·科贝特)
8. A writer or an author:
作家，作者：
a hired pen.
受雇的文人
9. A style of writing:
作品风格：
wrote plays with a witty pen.
用机智的文笔写剧本
10. pens Pinions.
pens 翼，翅膀
11. The chitinous internal shell of a squid.
羽状壳：乌贼的壳质的内壳
pen的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）
12. To write or compose with or as if with a pen.
写作：用或好像用笔写或撰写
pen的词源：
13. Middle English penne
中古英语 penne
14. from Old French
源自 古法语
15. from Late Latin penna
源自 后期拉丁语 penna
16. from Latin [feather] * see pet-
源自 拉丁语 [羽毛] *参见 pet-
pen的词性：
n.（名词）
pen 2
pen的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [pen]
KK音标发音： [pɛn]
pen的词性：
n.（名词）
17. A fenced enclosure for animals.
畜栏：一种圈养牲畜的围栏地
18. The animals kept in such an enclosure.
圈中或栏中的禽畜
19. Any of various enclosures, such as a bullpen or playpen, used for a variety of purposes.
围栏：用于养牛或游戏等的有多种用途的围栏
20. A repair dock for submarines.
潜艇停泊检修时用的船坞
pen的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）
21. To confine in or as if in a pen.See Synonyms at enclose
禁锢或似被监禁于围栏中参见 enclose
pen的词源：
22. Middle English
中古英语
23. from Old English penn
源自 古英语 penn
pen 3
pen的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [pen]
KK音标发音： [pɛn]
pen的词性：
n.（名词）
24. A female swan.
雌天鹅
pen的词源：
25. [Origin unknown]
[词源不明]
pen 4
pen的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [pen]
KK音标发音： [pɛn]
pen的词性：
n.Informal （名词）【非正式用语】
26. A penitentiary; a prison.
重罪监狱；监狱
pen的词源：
27. Short for penitentiary
penitentiary的简写
1. Important derivatives are: spider, spin, spindle, pansy, pendant1 pension1 pensive, poise1 append, appendix, compensate, depend, dispense, expend, penthouse, perpendicular, suspend, span1 pound1 ponder, spontaneous
重要派生词为： spider， spin， spindle， pansy， pendant1 pension1 pensive， poise1 append， appendix， compensate， depend， dispense， expend， penthouse， perpendicular， suspend， span1 pound1 ponder， spontaneous
2. To draw, stretch, spin.
抽取, 拉长，伸展, 纺织，吐丝.
3. Basic form *spen- .
基本形式*spen- .
4. Suffixed form *spen-wo- .
添加后缀的形式*spen-wo- .
5. spider , spin , from Old English spinnan , to spin, and spothra , spider, contracted from Germanic derivative *spin-thr?n- , “the spinner”;
spider , spin , 源自 古英语 spinnan , 纺纱，抽丝, 和 spothra , 蜘蛛, 缩约于 日耳曼语 派生词 *spin-thr?n- , “纺纱机，纺织工人”;
6. spindle , from Old English spinel , spindle, from Germanic derivative *spin-il?n- . Both a and b from Germanic *spinnan , to spin.
spindle , 源自 古英语 spinel , 纺锤，纱锭, 源自 日耳曼语 派生词 *spin-il?n- . a 和 b 都源自 日耳曼语 *spinnan , 纺纱.
7. Extended form *pend- . painter 2 , ( pansy ), penchant , pendant 1 , pendentive , pendulous , pensile , pension 1 , pensive , peso , poise 1 ; antependium , append , ( appendix ), avoirdupois , compendium , compensate , depend , dispense , expend , impend , ( penthouse ), perpend , perpendicular , prepense , propend , suspend , vilipend , from Latin pend?re , to hang (intransitive), and pendere , to cause to hang, weigh, with its frequentative p?ns3re , to weigh, consider.
衍生形式 *pend- . painter 2 , ( pansy ), penchant , pendant 1 , pendentive , pendulous , pensile , pension 1 , pensive , peso , poise 1 ; antependium , append , ( appendix ), avoirdupois , compendium , compensate , depend , dispense , expend , impend , ( penthouse ), perpend , perpendicular , prepense , propend , suspend , vilipend , 源自 拉丁语 pend?re , 悬垂，悬吊（不及物动词）, 和 pendere , 使悬挂, 权衡, 和它的反复动词 p?ns3re , 斟酌, 考虑.
8. Perhaps suffixed form *pen-ya- . -penia , from Greek penia , lack, poverty (N “a strain, exhaustion”).
可能是添加后缀的形式 *pen-ya- . -penia , 源自 希腊语 penia , 缺乏, 贫穷 (N “紧张, 枯竭”).
9. geoponic , lithopone , from Greek ponos , toil, and ponein , to toil, o-grade derivatives of penesthai , to toil.
geoponic , lithopone , 源自 希腊语 ponos , 辛苦, 和 ponein , 辛劳, penesthai 的O级派生词, 辛劳.
10. O-grade forms *spon- , *pon- .
O级形式*spon- , *pon- .
11.
12. span 2 , from Middle Dutch spannen , to bind;
span 2 , 源自 中古荷兰语 spannen , 绑住;
13. spanner , from Old High German spannan , to stretch. Both a and b from Germanic *spannan .
spanner , 源自 古高地德语 spannan , 拉紧. a 和 b 都源自 日耳曼语 *spannan .
14. span 1 , from Old English span(n) , distance, from Germanic *spanno- .
span 1 , 源自 古英语 span(n) , 距离, 源自 日耳曼语 *spanno- .
15. spangle , from Middle Dutch spange , clasp, from Germanic *spang? , perhaps from (s)pen- .
spangle , 源自 中古荷兰语 spange , 钩环，扣环, 源自 日耳曼语 *spang? , 可能源自 (s)pen- .
16. Suffixed and extended form *pond-o- . pound 1 , from Latin pond? , by weight.
添加后缀的和衍生的形式 *pond-o- . pound 1 , 源自 拉丁语 pond? , 按重量计算.
17. Suffixed and extended form *pond-es- . ponder , ponderous ; equiponderate , preponderate , from Latin pondus (stem ponder- ), weight, and its denominative ponder3re , to weigh, ponder.
添加后缀的和衍生的形式 *pond-es- . ponder , ponderous ; equiponderate , preponderate , 源自 拉丁语 pondus （词干 ponder- ), 重量, 和它从名词派生出的动词 ponder3re , 权衡, 仔细考虑.
18. Suffixed o-grade form *spon-t- . spontaneous , from Latin sponte , of one's own accord, spontaneously, possibly from (s)pen- , but more likely to a homophonous Germanic verb *spanan , to entice.
添加后缀的O级形式*spon-t- . spontaneous , 源自 拉丁语 sponte , 某人自动自发的, 自行自发地, 可能源自 (s)pen- , 但更可能是同形异语的 日耳曼语 动词 *spanan , 引诱，诱惑.
pen的词源：
19. Pokorny (s)pen-(d)- 988.
波科尔尼(s)pen-(d)- 988.