breach

breach的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [bri:tʃ]
KK音标发音： [britʃ]

breach的词性：
n.（名词）

1. An opening, a tear, or a rupture.
裂口：口子、裂缝或破口

2. A gap or rift, especially in or as if in a solid structure such as a dike or fortification.
突破口：豁口或缺口，尤指位于或好象位于壕沟或要塞等坚固结构中的

3. A violation or infraction, as of a law, a legal obligation, or a promise.
破坏，违犯，不履行：破坏或违反一法规、法律责任或一誓言

4. A breaking up or disruption of friendly relations; an estrangement.
决裂：结束或断决友好关系；脱离关系

5. A leap of a whale from the water.
鲸跃：鲸体出水面的一跃

6. The breaking of waves or surf.
冲击：海浪或激浪的拍击

breach的词性：
v.（动词）

breach的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）

7. To make a hole or gap in; break through.
在…打洞，在…打一个缺口；突破

8. To break or violate (an agreement, for example).
破坏或违反（例如协定）

breach的词性：
v.intr.（不及物动词）

9. To leap from the water:
跃出水面：

waiting for the whale to breach.
等待鲸跃出水面

breach的词源：

10. Middle English breche
中古英语 breche

11. from Old English br?c * see bhreg-
源自 古英语 br?c *参见 bhreg-

breach， infraction， violation， transgression， trespass， infringement

12. These nouns denote an act or instance of breaking a law or regulation or failing to fulfill a duty, obligation, or promise.
这些名词都表示破坏法律、规定或未履行义务、责任、誓言的行为或事例。

13. Breach and
Breach

14. infraction are the least specific:
infraction 最普通：

Revealing the secret would be a breach of trust. Infractions of the rules will not be tolerated. A
泄露秘密是对信任的破坏。违反规则不会被容忍。

15. violation is an infraction committed willfully and with complete lack of regard for legal, moral, or ethical considerations:
violation 是故意地破坏，完全无视法律、道德或伦理：

She failed to appear for the rehearsal, in flagrant violation of her contract.
她没有参加排练，公然违反合同。

16. Transgression refers most often to a violation of divine or moral law:
Transgression 多指违反神律或道德法：

“The children shall not be punished for the father's transgression” (Daniel Defoe). As it refers to the breaking of a statute,
“孩子们不应由于父亲的过失而受惩罚” （丹尼尔·笛福）。该词指破坏法令，

17. trespass implies willful intrusion on another's rights, possessions, or person:
trespass 却含有侵犯他人的权力、财产或侵害他人人身的意思：

“In the limited and confined sense [trespass] signifies no more than an entry on another man's ground without a lawful authority” (William Blackstone).
“从限定的意义上来说， 意味着非法进入他人的领地” （威廉·布莱克斯通）。

18. Infringement is most frequently used specifically to denote encroachment on another's rights, such as those granted by a copyright:
Infringement 常用来特指侵害他人的权力，如受版权保护的权力：

“Necessity is the plea for every infringement of human freedom” (William Pitt the Younger).
“迫不得已是每一次侵犯人身自由的借口” （小威廉·皮特）