Fear
fear的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [fiə]，Cape。
KK音标发音： [fɪr]，Cape。
fear的词性：
NONE（无词性）
1. A promontory on Smith Island off the coast of southeast North Carolina at the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
菲尔角：开普菲尔河的入海口，是离开北卡罗来纳州东南海岸的史密斯岛上的一个岬
fear
fear的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [fiə]
KK音标发音： [fɪr]
fear的词性：
n.（名词）
1. A feeling of agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger.
忧虑感：因危险的出现或迫近而产生的不安或焦虑的情绪
2. A state or condition marked by this feeling:
忧虑：此种情绪的状态或情况：
living in fear.
生活在忧虑之中
3. A feeling of disquiet or apprehension:
担心：不安静或忧虑的情绪：
a fear of looking foolish.
担心看起来愚蠢
4. Extreme reverence or awe, as toward a supreme power.
敬畏，惧怕：对最高力量极端的尊敬与崇拜
5. A reason for dread or apprehension:
害怕或不安的原因：
Being alone is my greatest fear.
我最怕一个人独处
fear的词性：
v.（动词）
fear的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）
6. To be afraid or frightened of.
害怕，惊吓
7. To be uneasy or apprehensive about:
为…担心，为…不安：
feared the test results.
为考试结果担心
8. To be in awe of; revere.
害怕；尊敬
9. To consider probable; expect:
恐怕：认为可能；希望：
I fear you are wrong. I fear I have bad news for you.
我认为你错了。恐怕我有个坏消息给你
10. Archaic To feel fear within (oneself).
【古语】 内心恐惧
fear的词性：
v.intr.（不及物动词）
11. To be afraid.
害怕
12. To be uneasy or apprehensive.
担心：心神不安；忧虑
fear的词源：
13. Middle English fer
中古英语 fer
14. from Old English f?r [danger, sudden calamity] * see per- 3
源自 古英语 f?r [危险，突然的不幸] *参见 per- 3
fear的词性：
n.（名词）
fear， fright， dread， terror， horror， panic， alarm， dismay， consternation， trepidation
15. These nouns all denote the agitation and anxiety caused by the presence or imminence of danger.
这些名词都含有因危险的出现或迫近而引起的不安和焦虑之意。
16. Fear is the most general term:
Fear 是最常见的词 ：
fear of change;
害怕变化；
fear of flying;
害怕飞行；
fear of death.
怕死。
“Fear is the parent of cruelty” (J.A. Froude).
“恐惧是残忍之母” (J·A·弗洛伊德）。
17. Fright is sudden, usually momentary fear characterized by great agitation:
Fright 是伴有极大不安的突然，通常是暂时的恐惧：
In her fright she forgot to lock the door.
她因害怕而忘记了锁门。
18. Dread is strong fear of something impending, especially of what one is powerless to avoid:
Dread 是对某种逼近的东西的强烈恐惧，特指那些人无力避免的：
He looked forward with dread to the scheduled surgery.
他满怀恐惧地等待着日程内的手术。
19. Terror is intense, overpowering fear:
Terror 是强烈的、无法抗拒的恐惧：
“the weapon which most readily conquers reason: terror and violence” (Adolf Hitler).
“准备好了要压倒理性的武器：恐惧和暴力” （阿尔道夫·希特勒）。
20. Horror is a combination of fear and aversion or repugnance:
Horror 是恐惧与厌恶、反感的混合：
Murder arouses widespread horror.
谋杀引起了广泛的恐惧。
21. Panic is sudden frantic fear, often groundless:
Panic 是突然狂乱的恐惧，通常是没有根据的：
The fire caused a panic among the horses.
火灾引起了马群的惊慌。
Rumors of the President's illness resulted in panic on the world stock markets.
关于总统病情的流言引起了世界股票市场的恐慌。
22. Alarm is fright aroused by the first realization of danger:
Alarm 是已意识到危险时引起的恐慌：
I watched with alarm as the current carried the raft and its passengers toward the dam.
我惊恐地看着激流带着小木筏和乘客冲向水坝。
23. Dismay is apprehension that robs one of courage or the power to act effectively:
Dismay 指使某人失去勇气或进行有效行动力量的恐慌：
The appearance of a comet caused universal dismay in the ancient world.
在古代，彗星的出现引起普遍的恐慌。
24. Consternation is a state of often paralyzing dismay characterized by confusion and helplessness:
Consternation 通常指伴有混乱和无助等特点的瘫痪性恐慌状态：
Consternation spread throughout the city as the invading army approached.
当侵略军逼近时恐慌蔓延了整个城市。
25. Trepidation is dread characteristically marked by trembling or hesitancy:
Trepidation 是带有颤抖和犹豫特点的恐惧：
“They were . . . full of trepidation about things that were never likely to happen” (John Morley).
“他们对那些从不曾想过会发生的事情充满了恐惧” （约翰·莫利）
fear的注释：
26. Old English f?r, the ancestor of our word fear, meant “calamity, disaster,” but not the emotion engendered by such an event. This is in line with the meaning of the prehistoric Common Germanic word .f?raz, “danger,” which is the source of words with similar senses in other Germanic languages, such as Old Saxon and Old High German f3r, “ambush, danger,” and Old Icelandic f3r, “treachery, damage.” Scholars, in fact, have determined the form and meaning of Germanic .f?raz by working backward from the forms and the meanings of its descendants. The most important cause of the change of meaning in the word fear was probably the existence in Old English of the related verb f?ran, which meant “to terrify, take by surprise.” Fear is first recorded in Middle English with the sense “emotion of fear” in a work composed around 1290.
古英语f?r 是 fear 的前身， 意为“不幸，灾难”， 而不是因不幸或灾难引起的情绪。这符合史前普通日耳曼词feraz 的意思“危险的”， 是其他日耳曼语言中有相近意思的词的起源，如古撒克逊语和古高地德语far， “埋伏，危险，”和古冰岛语 far “挖掘，破坏”。 事实上，学者们已经通过对它的衍生词的形式和意思的反向研究决定德语feraz 的形式和意思。 引起词语fear 变化的最重要原因可能是古英语中相关动词 f?ran的存在， 意为“害怕，被惊奇抓住。”Fear 第一次在中世纪英语作为“害怕的情绪”被记录下来是在一部约1290年左右创作的作品中