of.fend

offend的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [əˈfend]
KK音标发音： [əˈfɛnd]

offend的词性：
v.（动词）

offend的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）

1. To cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded feelings in.
使不愉快：使不高兴、愤怒、憎恨或受伤害的感情

2. To be displeasing or disagreeable to:
使…不高兴：使…不高兴或不受欢迎：

Onions offend my sense of smell.
洋葱刺激我的嗅觉

3. To transgress; violate:
侵入；违反：

offend all laws of humanity.
违反所有人性的法规

4. To cause to sin.
引起罪恶

offend的词性：
v.intr.（不及物动词）

5. To result in displeasure:
导致不愉快：

Bad manners may offend.
不礼貌的行为可能导致不愉快

6. To violate a moral or divine law; sin.
违反道德或天条；犯罪

7. To violate a rule or law:
违反规则或法则：

offended against the curfew.
违反了宵禁

offend的词源：

8. Middle English offenden
中古英语 offenden

9. from Old French offendre
源自 古法语 offendre

10. from Latin offendere * see g ^when-
源自 拉丁语 offendere *参见 g ^when-

offend， insult， affront， outrage

11. These verbs mean to cause resentment, humiliation, or hurt. To offend is to cause displeasure, wounded feelings, or repugnance in another:
这些动词都意为引起憎恨、羞辱或伤害。Offend 是在另一个人心里引起不愉快、受伤的感觉或强烈的反感：

“He often offended men who might have been useful friends” (John Lothrop Motley).
“他经常伤害那些本可以成为有用朋友的人” （约翰·洛思罗普·莫特利）。

12. Insult implies gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness resulting in shame or embarrassment:
Insult 暗含全然的不敏感、傲慢或轻视的粗鲁或导致羞辱或窘迫：

“His letters . . . boil with sarcastic gibes and insulting remarks on the subject of universal suffrage” (Mario Vargas Llosa). To affront is to insult openly, usually intentionally:
“在普选权这个问题上，他的信中…充斥着讽刺的嘲笑和冒犯性的语言” （马里奥·瓦尔加斯·劳埃莎）。Affront 是公开地冒犯，通常为有意地：

Affronted at his impertinence, she stared at him coldly and wordlessly.
被他的无礼而冒犯，她冷冷地、无言地盯着他。

13. Outrage implies the flagrant violation of a person's integrity, pride, or sense of right and decency:
Outrage 暗含对一个人的正直、尊严或权利和正派的感觉的公然的违反、冒犯：

“Agnes . . . was outraged by what seemed to her Rose's callousness” (Mrs. Humphry Ward).
“艾格尼丝…看上去被对罗斯的无情惹怒了”。 （汉弗莱·沃德夫人）