raid

raid的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [reid]
KK音标发音： [red]

raid的词性：
n.（名词）

1. A surprise attack by a small armed force.
突然袭击，奇袭：由小股部队进行的急袭

2. Sudden, forcible entry into a place by police:
突然搜捕：警察突然使用暴力闯入某地：

a raid on a gambling den.
警察对赌窝的突然袭击

3. An entrance into another's territory for the purpose of seizing goods or valuables.
侵入：为了攫取货物或财宝而闯入他人领地

4. A predatory operation mounted against a competitor, especially an attempt to lure away the personnel or membership of a competing organization.
掠夺：对竞争对手采取的掠夺式的行动，尤指目的在于吸引走竞争组织的人员或成员

5. An attempt to seize control of a company, as by acquiring a majority of its stock.
侵吞：获得对某公司支配权的努力，如通过获得该公司的大部分股票

6. An attempt by speculators to drive stock prices down by coordinated selling.
抛售股票：投机者为使股票价格大幅下跌而采取的联手抛售行为

raid的词性：
v.（动词）

raid的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）

7. To make a raid on.
袭击：对…发动奇袭

raid的词性：
v.intr.（不及物动词）

8. To conduct a raid or participate in one.
进行奇袭：采取或参与奇袭

raid的词源：

9. Scots [raid on horseback]
苏格兰语 [马上奇袭]

10. from Middle English rade
源自 中古英语 rade

11. from Old English r3d [a riding, road] * see reidh-
源自 古英语 r3d [骑马，路] *参见 reidh-

raid的词性：
n.（名词）

raid的注释：

12. The members of an army traveling on a particular road to carry out a raid probably would not draw a connection between the two words. However, raid and road descend from the same Old English word r3d. The ai in raid represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a, while the oa in road represents the standard development of Old English long a in the rest of the English dialects. Old English r3d meant “the act of riding” and “the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,” senses that no longer exist for our word road. It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots form raid with the sense “a military expedition on horseback.” The Scots weren't making all the raids, however. Others seem to have returned the favor, for we find these words in the Middle English Coventry Leet Book : “aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last somer.” The “Rode” was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.
一支部队的士兵在某条road （路）上行进以发动一场 raid （袭击）， 这大概不会使这两个词之间产生什么联系。然而raid 和 road 这两个词源于古英语中的同一个词 rad 。 Raid 中的 ai 代表了古英语中北部发言中长 a 的标准发展， 而road 中的 oa 代表了其它地区古英语方言中长 a 的发展。 古英语中rad 的意思是“骑马的行动和出于敌意而骑马的行动； 也就是说，一次奇袭，”词意中不再有路 这个意思。 沃尔特·斯科特爵士又恢复了raid 这个词的苏格兰语形式， 其意思是“马上的远征”。然而，奇袭并不只是由苏格兰人发动。别人似乎也保留了对这个词的偏好，因为我们在中世纪英语的考文垂史料 中发现了这段话： “在去年夏末对苏格兰发动的奇袭之后…”。该“奇袭”是由后来被冠以查理三世的格洛斯特的非苏格兰公爵和诺森柏兰的亨利·珀西公爵领导的