ar.ti.choke

artichoke的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [ˈɑ:tiˌtʃouk]
KK音标发音： [ˈɑtɪˌtʃok]

artichoke的词性：
n.（名词）

1. A Mediterranean thistlelike plant (Cynara scolymus) in the composite family, having pinnately divided leaves and large discoid heads of bluish flowers.
洋蓟：一种菊科地中海的蓟类植物（菜蓟属 洋蓟属） ，有羽状全裂叶和蓝色花朵的盘状花头

2. The edible, immature flower head of this plant.Also called globe artichoke
洋蓟花头：这种植物的可食用的，未成熟的花头也作 globe artichoke

3. The Jerusalem artichoke.
菊芋

artichoke的词源：

4. Ultimately from Old Spanish alcarchofa
最终源自 古西班牙语 alcarchofa

5. from Arabic al-Car?^?f
源自 阿拉伯语 al-Car?^?f

artichoke的注释：

6. Those who have been warned to watch out for the sharp-tipped bracts toward the innermost part of an artichoke may have wondered whether the name of this vegetable has anything to do with choking. Originally it did not. Our word goes back to an Arabic word for the same plant, al-Car?^?f. The Arabic word passed into Spanish, a not uncommon occurrence given the fact that Moslems ruled much of Spain for several centuries during the Middle Ages. The Old Spanish word alcarchofa was variously modified as it passed through Italian, a Northern dialect form being articiocco, which looks more like artichoke than al-Car?^?f. In English, where the word is first recorded in the early 16th century, a potpourri of spellings and explanations of it are found. For example, people who did not know the long history of the word explained it by the notion that the flower had a “choke,” that is, something that chokes, in its “heart.”
那些被告知要当心这种朝鲜蓟的最内层部分的尖苞片的人，可能会猜想这种蔬菜与窒息有一些联系。最初并没有。这个词可以追溯到阿拉伯语言关于这种植物的名称，al-harsuf。 这个阿拉伯名称又传入了西班牙，这件极普通的事情指出，在中世纪时期穆斯林曾统治西班牙大部地区，长达几个世纪的事实。旧的西班牙词alcarchofa 又经历了不同的变化，如传入意大利， 北方方言的形式形成articicco， 这看起来更象 artichoke 而非 al-harsuf。 在英语中，这个词在16世纪初被记录下来时，有许多不同的拼法和解释。例如，不知道这个词的悠久历史的人解释这个词时依据的看法是花会令人“窒息”， 也就是说，是一种在它“心中”窒息的东西。