chal.lenge
challenge的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [ˈtʃæləndʒ]
KK音标发音： [ˈtʃæləndʒ]
challenge的词性：
n.（名词）
1. A call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:
挑战：提出挑战、竞赛或竞争：
a challenge to a duel.
挑战要求决斗
2. An act or statement of defiance; a call to confrontation:
对抗：反对的言论或举动；公然对抗：
a challenge to the government's authority.
公然对抗政府权威
3. A demand for explanation or justification; a calling into question:
质疑：要求解释或证明为正当；质疑：
a challenge to a theory.
对一项理论质疑
4. A sentry's call to an unknown party for proper identification.
口令，暗号：哨兵大声向一群不认识的人索要身份证明
5. A test of one's abilities or resources in a demanding but stimulating undertaking:
挑战：在要求高但振奋人心的事业中对人的能力与才智的考验：
a career that offers a challenge.
大有作为的事业
6. A claim that a vote is invalid or that a voter is unqualified.
选举无效的声明：声称某一投票无效或某一投票人不合格
7. Law A formal objection to the inclusion of a prospective juror in a jury.
【法律】 宣布反对：正式对某位预期的陪审员列入陪审团表示异议
8. Immunology The induction or evaluation of an immune response in an organism by administration of a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.
【免疫学】 激发：对某有机体注入使它敏感化的特定抗原以诱导或评价它的免疫反应
challenge的词性：
v.（动词）
challenge的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）
9. To call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition:
挑战：提出挑战、竞赛或竞争：
challenged me to a game of chess.
以下棋向我挑战
10. To invite with defiance; dare:
公然挑战；公然反抗：
challenged him to contradict her.See Synonyms at defy
挑动他去反对她参见 defy
11. To take exception to; call into question; dispute:
表示异议；质疑；争议：
a book that challenges established beliefs.
对确定的信念表示异议的书籍
12. To order to halt and be identified, as by a sentry.
验明身份：（被哨兵）命令停止前进并查明身份
13. Law To take formal objection to (a prospective juror).
【法律】 提出反对：（对预期的陪审员）正式表示反对
14. To question the qualifications of (a voter) or validity of (a vote).
对（投票人的）资格或（选票的）有效性质疑
15. To have due claim to; call for:
正式要求；需要：
events that challenge our attention.
引起我们注意的事件
16. To summon to action, effort, or use; stimulate:
运用，激励：要求行动，努力去做，或发挥作用；激励：
a problem that challenges the imagination.
运用想象力的问题
17. Immunology To induce or evaluate an immune response in (an organism) by administering a specific antigen to which it has been sensitized.
【免疫学】 测试：对某有机体注入使它敏感化的特定抗原以诱导或评价它的免疫反应
challenge的词性：
v.intr.（不及物动词）
18. To make or give voice to a challenge.
回应挑战
19. To begin barking upon picking up the scent. Used of hunting dogs.
吠叫：猎犬嗅到兽迹时发出吠叫。用于猎狗
challenge的词源：
20. Middle English chalenge
中古英语 chalenge
21. from Old French
源自 古法语
22. from Latin calumnia [trickery, false accusation] * see calumny
源自 拉丁语 calumnia [耍花招，虚假指责] *参见 calumny
23. V., from Middle English chalengen
动词，源自 中古英语 chalengen
24. from Old French chalangier
源自 古法语 chalangier
25. from Latin calumni3ro
源自 拉丁语 calumni3ro
26. from calumnia [calumny]
源自 calumnia [诽谤]
challenge的词性：
adj.（形容词）