czar

czar的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [zɑ:, tsɑ:]
KK音标发音： [zɑ, tsɑ]

czar的词性：
n.（名词）

1. Also tsar or tzar [z?r, ts?r] A male monarch or emperor, especially one of the emperors who ruled Russia until the revolution of 1917.
也作 tsar 或 tzar [z?r, ts?r] 沙皇：男性君主或者皇帝，特别是1917年革命以前统治俄国的皇帝

2. A person having great power; an autocrat:
有无上权力者；独裁者：

“the square-jawed, ruddy complacency of Jack Farrell, the czar of the Fifteenth Street police station”(Ernest Hemingway)
“那个15号大街警察局的头儿，宽下巴，非常自满的杰克·法雷尔”(欧内斯特·海明威)

3. Informal An appointed official having special powers to regulate or supervise an activity:
【非正式用语】 掌权者：被任命的官员，有规定或管理一项活动的特权：

a racetrack czar; an energy czar.
赛马场官员；能源大王

czar的词源：

4. Russian tsar'
俄语 tsar'

5. from Old Russian ts¹sar&9{1} [emperor, king]
源自 古普鲁士语 ts¹sar&9{1} [帝王，国王]

6. from Old Church Slavonic ts^×sar&9{1}
源自 古教会斯拉夫语 ts^×sar&9{1}

7. from Gothic kaisar
源自 哥特语 kaisar

8. from Greek kaisar
源自 希腊语 kaisar

9. from Latin Caesar [emperor] * see caesar
源自 拉丁语 Caesar [皇帝] *参见 caesar

czar的词性：
n.（名词）

czar的用法：

10. The word czar can also be spelled tsar. Czar is the most common form in American usage and virtually the only one employed in the extended senses “any tyrant” or informally, “one in authority.” But tsar is preferred by most scholars of Slavic studies as a more accurate transliteration of the Russian and is often found in scholarly writing with reference to one of the Russian emperors.
单词czar 也能拼写为 tsar。 Czar 是最普遍的美国用法，并且实际上是唯一引申为“任何独裁者”或者非正式指“当权者”的词语。但是tsar 是大多数斯拉夫语研究学者更多地用作俄语的更加正确的翻译， 并且经常在学术文章中指其中的一位沙皇