pa.ri.ah

pariah的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [pəˈraiə]
KK音标发音： [pəˈraɪə]

pariah的词性：
n.（名词）

1. A social outcast:
被社会遗弃的人：

“Shortly Tom came upon the juvenile pariah of the village, Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard”(Mark Twain)
“不一会儿，汤姆碰上了村里的少年弃儿，镇上醉鬼的儿子哈克贝利·费恩”(马克·吐温)

2. A member of a low caste of agricultural and domestic workers in southern India and Burma.
贱民，下等人：在南印度和缅甸从事农业和家务劳动的低等阶层的成员

pariah的词源：

3. Tamil pa^?aiyar [pl. of] pa^?aiyan [pariah caste]
泰米尔语 pa^?aiyar [] pa^?aiyan的复数 [贱民阶层]

4. from pa^?ai [festival drum]
源自 pa^?ai [节日小鼓]

pariah的注释：

5. In the word pariah, which can be used for anyone who is a social outcast, independent of social position, we have a reminder of a much more rigid social system, where only certain people could be pariahs. The caste system of India placed members of the pariah caste very low in society; until 1949 they were also known as untouchables. The word pariah, however, which we have extended in meaning, came into English from Tamil pa^?aiyar, the plural of pa^?aiyan, the caste name, which literally means “(hereditary) drummer” and comes from the word pa^?ai, the name of a drum used at certain festivals. The word is first recorded in English in 1613. Its use in English and its extension in use probably owe much to the close relationship that developed between Great Britain and India. Indeed, many of the British servants in India were from the pariah caste.
pariah 一词能用于任何一个被社会遗弃的人， 不管他的社会地位如何，在这个词中，对我们有一个更严酷的社会体制的暗示，在这种体制下，仅仅某些特定的人才能成为被社会遗弃的人。印度的社会体制把被遗弃者的社会地位订得很低，直到1949年这些人还仍旧被称作是不可接触者 。 然而，我们已经扩展了含义的pariah 一词从泰米尔语 paraiyar 即 paraiyan 的复数转入英语中来， 字面含义是“（世袭）鼓手”， 源于一种特定节日用的鼓名parai 。 1613年这个词首次在英语中有所记录。它在英文中的运用和用法的扩展可能很大程度是由于大不列颠和印度的密切关系。的确，在印度许多英国人的佣人都来自于贱民阶层