1. Important derivatives are: carve, crab¹ crawl¹ gram¹ grammar, diagram, paragraph, program
重要派生词为： carve， crab¹ crawl¹ gram¹ grammar， diagram， paragraph， program

2. To scratch.
刻写，抓，挖，潦草书写.

3. carve , from Old English ceorfan , to cut, from Germanic *kerban .
carve , 源自 古英语 ceorfan , 雕刻, 源自 日耳曼语 *kerban .

4. kerf , from Old English cyrf , a cutting (off), from zero-grade Germanic form *kurbiz .
kerf , 源自 古英语 cyrf , 切（割）下的部分, 源自零级 日耳曼语 形式 *kurbiz .

5. Variant form *grebh- .
变体形式*grebh- .

6. crab ¹ , from Old English crabba , a crab, from Germanic *krab(b)- ;
crab ¹ , 源自 古英语 crabba , 螃蟹, 源自 日耳曼语 *krab(b)- ;

7. crayfish , from Old High German kerbiz , edible crustacean, from Germanic *krabiz- ;
crayfish , 源自 古高地德语 kerbiz , 可食用的甲壳纲动物, 源自 日耳曼语 *krabiz- ;

8. crawl ¹ , from Old Norse krafla , to crawl, from Germanic *krab- , perhaps from gerbh- .
crawl ¹ , 源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 krafla , 爬行, 源自 日耳曼语 *krab- , 大概源自 gerbh- .

9. Zero-grade form *g^—bh- . graffito , gram ¹ , -gram , grammar , -graph , -grapher , graphic , -graphy ; agrapha , agraphia , anagram , diagram , epigram , ( epigraph ), graphite , ( iconography ), paragraph , parallelogram , program , pseudepigrapha , Tetragrammaton , ( topography ), from Greek graphein , to scratch, draw, write, gramma (N *g^—bh-m&9{?} ), a picture, written letter, piece of writing, and gramm? , a line.
零级形式*g^—bh- . graffito , gram ¹ , -gram , grammar , -graph , -grapher , graphic , -graphy ; agrapha , agraphia , anagram , diagram , epigram , ( epigraph ), graphite , ( iconography ), paragraph , parallelogram , program , pseudepigrapha , Tetragrammaton , ( topography ), 源自 希腊语 graphein , 刻写, 绘画, 书写, gramma (N *g^—bh-m&9{?} ), 图画, 书信, 片段文章, 和 gramm? , 线.

gerbh的词源：

10. Pokorny gerebh- 392.
波科尔尼gerebh- 392.